In much of its range, this hardy chickadee is tightly associated with mountain conifer forests. Even in the dead of winter, Mountain Chickadees are common right up to tree line. Nevertheless, the species is capable of dispersal, and a few wander far from the mountains each winter. An intriguing aspect of Audubon's climate model projection is the existence of suitable climate space in the Arctic—in winter, but not in summer. Given the species’ only modest proclivity to disperse, a major range expansion is unlikely. But increased frequency of winter sightings well out of range may be in the offing. Within the core range actually occupied by the species today, suitable climate space is likely to dwindle.
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